Banknotes Are Not Made from Paper

The currency in your wallet may feel like paper, but it is actually a sophisticated blend of materials designed for resilience. Most countries construct their banknotes from a unique combination of cotton and linen fibers, sometimes comprising 75% cotton and 25% linen. This composition gives the currency its distinct texture and a durability that far surpasses traditional wood pulp-based paper. The use of fabric-like materials for money has a long history; early Chinese banknotes were printed on paper made from mulberry bark, while other societies have used materials ranging from leather to silk. This choice of substrate is the first line of defense against wear and tear, and even the occasional trip through a washing machine.

In a continual effort to enhance security and longevity, many nations have transitioned to polymer banknotes. First introduced for circulation in Australia in 1988, these plastic notes are crafted from a thin, flexible polymer called biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP). The shift to polymer offers significant advantages. These notes can last at least two and a half times longer than their cotton-based counterparts, are waterproof, and stay cleaner as they are less likely to absorb moisture and dirt.

The non-porous surface of polymer also allows for sharper, more intricate printing and the integration of advanced security features that are difficult to replicate. These can include transparent windows, holograms, and color-shifting inks, all of which make counterfeiting significantly more challenging. While the upfront cost of producing polymer notes can be higher, their extended lifespan and enhanced security make them a more economical and secure option for modern currency.