What type of animal remains, including 35 Indian macaques, were found in an ancient necropolis at Berenike, Egypt, in March/April 2026?

In a remarkable archaeological revelation currently capturing attention, an ancient necropolis at Berenike, Egypt, has yielded a fascinating collection of animal remains, prominently featuring 35 Indian macaques. These primates, carefully interred thousands of years ago, offer a unique glimpse into the lives and customs of the ancient inhabitants of this bustling Red Sea port. The discovery of these particular animals confirms that the creatures found were indeed monkeys, specifically various species of macaques imported from India.

The presence of these Indian macaques in Roman-era Egypt is particularly significant. Berenike served as a vital trading hub, connecting the Roman Empire with India and beyond. While historical texts often mention the trade of spices and other goods, this find provides the first unequivocal archaeological evidence of a structured live animal trade from India across the Indian Ocean to Roman territories. It suggests that wealthy Roman officers stationed in Egypt, who were present in the region during the first and second centuries CE, likely kept these exotic animals as pets, symbolizing their status and connection to distant lands.

The burials themselves reveal a deep level of care and attachment. The monkeys were interred with respect, some even arranged in a sleeping position and accompanied by grave goods such as collars, food delicacies, and iridescent shells. Intriguingly, some macaques were even found buried with their own "pets," including kittens and a piglet, further underscoring the special status these animals held. This extraordinary find not only expands our understanding of ancient trade networks but also sheds light on the complex human-animal bond that transcended geographical and cultural boundaries in antiquity.