Founded in 1609, and now the capital city of its state, what is the oldest city in America west of the Mississippi?

Long before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock, Santa Fe, New Mexico, was established as a Spanish provincial capital. Founded by Spanish colonists in 1609, it holds the distinction of being the oldest European community west of the Mississippi River. Its establishment by Don Pedro de Peralta, the second governor-general of New Mexico, marked a significant expansion of the Spanish Empire into the northern frontier of New Spain. The city was formally established in 1610 and has served as a capital for over four centuries, first for the Spanish "Kingdom of New Mexico," then as the capital of the Mexican province of Nuevo Mejico, the American territory of New Mexico, and finally as the state capital since 1912.

The full name given to the new city was La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asís, which translates to the "Royal Town of the Holy Faith of Saint Francis of Assisi." This lengthy name reflected the deep religious and royalist traditions of the Spanish colonists. Even before the Spanish arrival, the area was home to Pueblo Indian villages dating back to between 1050 and 1150. This blend of Native American and European history contributes to Santa Fe's unique cultural identity.

Today, Santa Fe is not only the oldest capital city in the United States but also a vibrant center for arts and culture. Its rich history is preserved in its architecture, including the Palace of the Governors, the oldest public building in the country, and the San Miguel Chapel, considered the oldest church in the continental United States. The city's enduring legacy as a seat of government and a cultural crossroads makes it a significant landmark in American history.