What phrase meaning 'blank slate' comes from Latin?

Which 19th century personality said, "You can fool all of the people some of the time, and some of the people all of the time, but you can't fool all the people all the time."?

President Harry Truman liked to say, "If you can't stand the heat, get out of ... what?

Who said 'Ich bin ein Berliner' in a 1963 speech?

Who is credited with the phrase 'Knowledge is power'?

Who popularized the phrase 'survival of the fittest'?

Who is credited with saying 'Eureka' after making a scientific discovery in his bathtub?